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#
# An Introduction to Tkinter
#
# Copyright (c) 1997 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# This copyright applies to Dialog, askinteger, askfloat and asktring
#
# fredrik@pythonware.com
# http://www.pythonware.com
#
"""This modules handles dialog boxes.
It contains the following public symbols:
SimpleDialog -- A simple but flexible modal dialog box
Dialog -- a base class for dialogs
askinteger -- get an integer from the user
askfloat -- get a float from the user
askstring -- get a string from the user
"""
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import _get_temp_root, _destroy_temp_root
from tkinter import messagebox
class SimpleDialog:
def __init__(self, master,
text='', buttons=[], default=None, cancel=None,
title=None, class_=None):
if class_:
self.root = Toplevel(master, class_=class_)
else:
self.root = Toplevel(master)
if title:
self.root.title(title)
self.root.iconname(title)
_setup_dialog(self.root)
self.message = Message(self.root, text=text, aspect=400)
self.message.pack(expand=1, fill=BOTH)
self.frame = Frame(self.root)
self.frame.pack()
self.num = default
self.cancel = cancel
self.default = default
self.root.bind('<Return>', self.return_event)
for num in range(len(buttons)):
s = buttons[num]
b = Button(self.frame, text=s,
command=(lambda self=self, num=num: self.done(num)))
if num == default:
b.config(relief=RIDGE, borderwidth=8)
b.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
self.root.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', self.wm_delete_window)
self.root.transient(master)
_place_window(self.root, master)
def go(self):
self.root.wait_visibility()
self.root.grab_set()
self.root.mainloop()
self.root.destroy()
return self.num
def return_event(self, event):
if self.default is None:
self.root.bell()
else:
self.done(self.default)
def wm_delete_window(self):
if self.cancel is None:
self.root.bell()
else:
self.done(self.cancel)
def done(self, num):
self.num = num
self.root.quit()
class Dialog(Toplevel):
'''Class to open dialogs.
This class is intended as a base class for custom dialogs
'''
def __init__(self, parent, title = None):
'''Initialize a dialog.
Arguments:
parent -- a parent window (the application window)
title -- the dialog title
'''
master = parent
if master is None:
master = _get_temp_root()
Toplevel.__init__(self, master)
self.withdraw() # remain invisible for now
# If the parent is not viewable, don't
# make the child transient, or else it
# would be opened withdrawn
if parent is not None and parent.winfo_viewable():
self.transient(parent)
if title:
self.title(title)
_setup_dialog(self)
self.parent = parent
self.result = None
body = Frame(self)
self.initial_focus = self.body(body)
body.pack(padx=5, pady=5)
self.buttonbox()
if self.initial_focus is None:
self.initial_focus = self
self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)
_place_window(self, parent)
self.initial_focus.focus_set()
# wait for window to appear on screen before calling grab_set
self.wait_visibility()
self.grab_set()
self.wait_window(self)
def destroy(self):
'''Destroy the window'''
self.initial_focus = None
Toplevel.destroy(self)
_destroy_temp_root(self.master)
#
# construction hooks
def body(self, master):
'''create dialog body.
return widget that should have initial focus.
This method should be overridden, and is called
by the __init__ method.
'''
pass
def buttonbox(self):
'''add standard button box.
override if you do not want the standard buttons
'''
box = Frame(self)
w = Button(box, text="OK", width=10, command=self.ok, default=ACTIVE)
w.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
w = Button(box, text="Cancel", width=10, command=self.cancel)
w.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
self.bind("<Return>", self.ok)
self.bind("<Escape>", self.cancel)
box.pack()
#
# standard button semantics
def ok(self, event=None):
if not self.validate():
self.initial_focus.focus_set() # put focus back
return
self.withdraw()
self.update_idletasks()
try:
self.apply()
finally:
self.cancel()
def cancel(self, event=None):
# put focus back to the parent window
if self.parent is not None:
self.parent.focus_set()
self.destroy()
#
# command hooks
def validate(self):
'''validate the data
This method is called automatically to validate the data before the
dialog is destroyed. By default, it always validates OK.
'''
return 1 # override
def apply(self):
'''process the data
This method is called automatically to process the data, *after*
the dialog is destroyed. By default, it does nothing.
'''
pass # override
# Place a toplevel window at the center of parent or screen
# It is a Python implementation of ::tk::PlaceWindow.
def _place_window(w, parent=None):
w.wm_withdraw() # Remain invisible while we figure out the geometry
w.update_idletasks() # Actualize geometry information
minwidth = w.winfo_reqwidth()
minheight = w.winfo_reqheight()
maxwidth = w.winfo_vrootwidth()
maxheight = w.winfo_vrootheight()
if parent is not None and parent.winfo_ismapped():
x = parent.winfo_rootx() + (parent.winfo_width() - minwidth) // 2
y = parent.winfo_rooty() + (parent.winfo_height() - minheight) // 2
vrootx = w.winfo_vrootx()
vrooty = w.winfo_vrooty()
x = min(x, vrootx + maxwidth - minwidth)
x = max(x, vrootx)
y = min(y, vrooty + maxheight - minheight)
y = max(y, vrooty)
if w._windowingsystem == 'aqua':
# Avoid the native menu bar which sits on top of everything.
y = max(y, 22)
else:
x = (w.winfo_screenwidth() - minwidth) // 2
y = (w.winfo_screenheight() - minheight) // 2
w.wm_maxsize(maxwidth, maxheight)
w.wm_geometry('+%d+%d' % (x, y))
w.wm_deiconify() # Become visible at the desired location
def _setup_dialog(w):
if w._windowingsystem == "aqua":
w.tk.call("::tk::unsupported::MacWindowStyle", "style",
w, "moveableModal", "")
elif w._windowingsystem == "x11":
w.wm_attributes("-type", "dialog")
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# convenience dialogues
class _QueryDialog(Dialog):
def __init__(self, title, prompt,
initialvalue=None,
minvalue = None, maxvalue = None,
parent = None):
self.prompt = prompt
self.minvalue = minvalue
self.maxvalue = maxvalue
self.initialvalue = initialvalue
Dialog.__init__(self, parent, title)
def destroy(self):
self.entry = None
Dialog.destroy(self)
def body(self, master):
w = Label(master, text=self.prompt, justify=LEFT)
w.grid(row=0, padx=5, sticky=W)
self.entry = Entry(master, name="entry")
self.entry.grid(row=1, padx=5, sticky=W+E)
if self.initialvalue is not None:
self.entry.insert(0, self.initialvalue)
self.entry.select_range(0, END)
return self.entry
def validate(self):
try:
result = self.getresult()
except ValueError:
messagebox.showwarning(
"Illegal value",
self.errormessage + "\nPlease try again",
parent = self
)
return 0
if self.minvalue is not None and result < self.minvalue:
messagebox.showwarning(
"Too small",
"The allowed minimum value is %s. "
"Please try again." % self.minvalue,
parent = self
)
return 0
if self.maxvalue is not None and result > self.maxvalue:
messagebox.showwarning(
"Too large",
"The allowed maximum value is %s. "
"Please try again." % self.maxvalue,
parent = self
)
return 0
self.result = result
return 1
class _QueryInteger(_QueryDialog):
errormessage = "Not an integer."
def getresult(self):
return self.getint(self.entry.get())
def askinteger(title, prompt, **kw):
'''get an integer from the user
Arguments:
title -- the dialog title
prompt -- the label text
**kw -- see SimpleDialog class
Return value is an integer
'''
d = _QueryInteger(title, prompt, **kw)
return d.result
class _QueryFloat(_QueryDialog):
errormessage = "Not a floating-point value."
def getresult(self):
return self.getdouble(self.entry.get())
def askfloat(title, prompt, **kw):
'''get a float from the user
Arguments:
title -- the dialog title
prompt -- the label text
**kw -- see SimpleDialog class
Return value is a float
'''
d = _QueryFloat(title, prompt, **kw)
return d.result
class _QueryString(_QueryDialog):
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
if "show" in kw:
self.__show = kw["show"]
del kw["show"]
else:
self.__show = None
_QueryDialog.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
def body(self, master):
entry = _QueryDialog.body(self, master)
if self.__show is not None:
entry.configure(show=self.__show)
return entry
def getresult(self):
return self.entry.get()
def askstring(title, prompt, **kw):
'''get a string from the user
Arguments:
title -- the dialog title
prompt -- the label text
**kw -- see SimpleDialog class
Return value is a string
'''
d = _QueryString(title, prompt, **kw)
return d.result
if __name__ == '__main__':
def test():
root = Tk()
def doit(root=root):
d = SimpleDialog(root,
text="This is a test dialog. "
"Would this have been an actual dialog, "
"the buttons below would have been glowing "
"in soft pink light.\n"
"Do you believe this?",
buttons=["Yes", "No", "Cancel"],
default=0,
cancel=2,
title="Test Dialog")
print(d.go())
print(askinteger("Spam", "Egg count", initialvalue=12*12))
print(askfloat("Spam", "Egg weight\n(in tons)", minvalue=1,
maxvalue=100))
print(askstring("Spam", "Egg label"))
t = Button(root, text='Test', command=doit)
t.pack()
q = Button(root, text='Quit', command=t.quit)
q.pack()
t.mainloop()
test()
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